If you, like me, don't really know where to even begin to learn about the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, let me recommend a place.
After the attack on October 9, 2023, I decided I wanted to dive in and try and come up with some kind of understanding of the forces at play. This episode of The Ezra Klein Show got me started.
I followed that up with several more, and have ended at a much more informed place. If you're looking to get started with this, I'd recommend starting here and here and here and here and here and then here.